Miconazole, an antifungal medication belonging to the azole class and specifically the imidazole subclass, is used to treat a variety of superficial fungal infections, including ringworm, athlete’s foot, jock itch, and yeast infections of the skin or vagina. It is … Read more
Ibuprofen, the active ingredient in brands such as Advil, is a widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that reduces pain, fever, and inflammation by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes responsible for prostaglandin synthesis. It is one of the most common … Read more
This content is for registered users only. Click here to Register! By joining Chemistry Steps, you will gain instant access to the answers and solutions for all the Practice Problems, including over 40 hours of problem-solving videos, Multiple-Choice Quizzes, Puzzles, Reaction … Read more
This content is for registered users only. Click here to Register! By joining Chemistry Steps, you will gain instant access to the answers and solutions for all the Practice Problems, including over 40 hours of problem-solving videos, Multiple-Choice Quizzes, Puzzles, Reaction … Read more
This content is for registered users only. Click here to Register! By joining Chemistry Steps, you will gain instant access to the answers and solutions for all the Practice Problems, including over 40 hours of problem-solving videos, Multiple-Choice Quizzes, Puzzles, Reaction … Read more
The Beckmann rearrangement is a reaction in which a ketone is first converted to an oxime, which, under acidic or Lewis acidic conditions, rearranges into an amide. This reaction is closely related to the Hofmann, Schmidt, and Curtius rearrangements, as … Read more
Diisobutylaluminium hydride, also known as (DIBAL, DIBALH, DIBAL-H or DIBAH) is a bulky reducing agent that is mainly used for converting esters and nitriles to aldehydes. The reaction is carried out at lower temperatures (typically -78 oC as that is the … Read more
Amides are the least reactive derivatives of carboxylic acids, so reducing them requires using the strong reducing agent LiAlH4. The reduction converts primary, secondary, tertiary cyclic, and acrylic amides to corresponding amines: The Mechanism of Amide Reduction by … Read more
Carboxylic acids can be reduced to primary alcohols using an excess of strong reducing agents such as lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4 or LAH). As sodium borohydride (NaBH4) is the most common reducing agent we learn about together with … Read more
In the previous post, we saw that amides can be reduced to amines by LiAlH4: Let’s see how tertiary amides can be reduced to amines and aldehydes using alkyboranes. Reduction of Amides by Alkylboranes The reduction of amides … Read more
